Image : By BruceBlaus – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61465357
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths in or around the uterus. They are common among women of reproductive age, and by age 50, about 70% of white women and 80% of African American women will have fibroids, according to the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology (AJOG). Despite their prevalence, many women are unaware of their presence until symptoms appear. This article dives into the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for uterine fibroids.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Fibroids are benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue. They can vary in size, from tiny, undetectable growths to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus. Fibroids are classified based on their location:
- Subserosal Fibroids: Develop within the uterine wall.
- Intramural Fibroids: Grow into the uterine cavity.
- Submucosal Fibroids: Project outside the uterus.
- Pedunculated Submucosal fibroid: Attached to the uterus by a stalk, protruding into or outside the uterine cavity.
- Fibroid in Statu Nascendi : being expelled from the uterus, often causing severe cramping.
- Intraligamental Fibroid : growing between the layers of the broad ligament, potentially pressing on nearby organs.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Not all fibroids cause symptoms, but when they do, common signs include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
- Pelvic pain or pressure.
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
- Constipation or rectal pressure.
- Pain during intercourse.
- Enlarged abdomen or noticeable bloating.
- Reproductive issues, including infertility or miscarriage.
If you experience any of these symptoms, consulting a healthcare provider is essential for diagnosis and management.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development:
- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote the growth of fibroids, which often shrink after menopause.
- Genetics: A family history of fibroids increases your risk.
- Race: African American women are more likely to develop fibroids, often at a younger age and with more severe symptoms.
- Age: Fibroids are most common during the reproductive years.
- Obesity: Excess body weight may elevate the risk of developing fibroids.
- Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables is associated with a higher risk.
Understanding these risk factors can help guide prevention and early intervention strategies.
How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Uterine fibroids are typically diagnosed through:
- Pelvic Exam: A doctor may detect an enlarged or irregular uterus during a physical examination.
- Ultrasound: Imaging provides a detailed view of the uterus and fibroid locations.
- MRI: Offers more precise imaging for large or complex fibroids.
- Hysteroscopy or Sonohysterography: These procedures evaluate the uterine cavity for submucosal fibroids.
Early detection is crucial for managing symptoms and preserving fertility.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, size and location of the fibroids, and future reproductive plans. Options include:
1. Medications
- Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or GnRH agonists can shrink fibroids and reduce symptoms.
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen may alleviate mild discomfort.
2. Non-Surgical Procedures
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS): Non-invasive technique to destroy fibroid tissue.
3. Surgery
- Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, ideal for women planning pregnancy.
- Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, often recommended for severe cases or those not planning further pregnancies.
Lifestyle Changes for Managing Fibroids
Incorporating these habits into your routine may help manage symptoms and overall health:
- Balanced Diet: Focus on high-fiber foods, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to reduce inflammation.
- Regular Exercise: Helps maintain a healthy weight and hormone balance.
- Stress Management: Practices like yoga or meditation can alleviate stress, which may exacerbate symptoms.
When to Seek Help
If uterine fibroids are affecting your quality of life or fertility, don’t delay seeking care. At the Women’s Center of Athens, our experienced physicians provide personalized treatment plans to address your needs and improve your well-being.
