HIV remains a critical public health issue, with an estimated 31,800 new infections reported in the U.S. in 2022. Women accounted for 19% of these cases, according to HIV.gov. While treatment advancements have significantly improved outcomes, understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies is key to reducing infections and improving lives.
What Is HIV?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T-cells), which help the body fight infections. If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a severe stage of the disease.
With early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people with HIV live long and healthy lives.
Symptoms of HIV
HIV symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection:
Acute HIV Infection (2-4 weeks after exposure)
- Fever
- Chills
- Rash
- Night sweats
- Fatigue
- Sore throat
- Swollen lymph nodes
Chronic HIV Infection (Asymptomatic Stage)
- This stage can last for years without noticeable symptoms.
AIDS (Advanced Stage)
- Rapid weight loss
- Persistent diarrhea
- Sores on the mouth, genitals, or anus
- Chronic fatigue and weakness
- Opportunistic infections like pneumonia
If you suspect exposure to HIV or experience these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
How Is HIV Transmitted?
HIV is primarily transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids. Common modes of transmission include:
- Sexual Contact: Unprotected sex with an infected partner.
- Injection Drug Use: Sharing needles or syringes.
- Mother-to-Child Transmission: During pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Blood Transfusions: Rare in countries with stringent blood screening.
It’s important to note that HIV cannot be spread through casual contact, such as hugging, sharing utensils, or using the same bathroom.
Risk Factors for HIV in Women
Women may face unique risk factors for HIV infection, including:
- Biological Susceptibility: Vaginal tissue is more prone to small tears, increasing exposure risk during unprotected intercourse.
- Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): Women in abusive relationships may struggle to negotiate safe practices like condom use.
- Socioeconomic Factors: Limited access to healthcare and education increases vulnerability.
- Injection Drug Use: Sharing needles can lead to direct exposure to the virus.
Prevention Strategies
While there’s no cure for HIV, these measures can significantly reduce the risk of infection:
- Use Protection: Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity.
- PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): A daily pill that reduces the risk of infection in high-risk individuals.
- PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Emergency medication taken within 72 hours after potential exposure.
- HIV Testing: Regular screening ensures early detection and prevents unknowingly spreading the virus.
- Avoid Sharing Needles: Use clean needles and participate in needle exchange programs if necessary.
Visit STI Screenings blog to learn more about testing and prevention.
Living with HIV
While an HIV diagnosis can feel overwhelming, early treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows individuals to manage the virus effectively. Women living with HIV can also have healthy pregnancies and prevent transmission to their children with proper care.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you suspect exposure to HIV or experience symptoms, get tested immediately. Early detection and treatment not only improve your health but also prevent transmission to others.
At the Women’s Center of Athens, we provide compassionate, confidential care, including STI testing and education. Our experienced physicians are here to support you every step of the way.
